Parallels VS VM Ware VS UTM smackdown.... Which is best?

I haven't yet installed any copy of Windows on any of my M-series Macs, but from those 3 options only one feels appealing to me, and that is UTM, not because it works flawlessly, but because it's open so I can make it work flawlessly.

Earlier today I decided to research the most effective way to make the installation of the ARM version of Windows 11 on macOS as straightforward and accessible as possible, so I started by reading out on how to inject VirtIO drivers into the Windows installer to address the missing audio problem during the installation, then I went to the GitHub Crystal ISO Fetch project repository in order to investigate the best approach to adapt the Windows instructions from the first link to a tool used to create Windows installation media on macOS, followed by reading the script actually responsible for building the ISO file, and finally I realized that nothing of this is actually necessary because UTM already integrates with AppleEvents so the installation can theoretically already be automated with AppleScript, Automator, and Shortcuts.

While as I mentioned in theory the above completely eliminates the need to inject drivers into the windows installation media, timing scripts to work around the lack of output processing is still far too clunky for my taste so I continued digging deeper and came across Apple's VisionKit framework, which can in theory be used to OCR the contents displayed by the virtual machine in real time and get the bounding boxes of all the text displayed by the guest system. This, combined with the aforementioned UTM scriptability, makes it both possible and feasible to implement an event-based system that can be scripted to locate, expect, and react to the visual output of the virtual machine, in addition to generate native accessibility elements to make the guest perfectly accessible with VoiceOver from the host.

If I succeed in implementing my ideas, UTM will be taken to the next level and will be on a league of its own in terms of automation and accessibility, and virtualization can even become our best option to tackle inaccessible operating systems, the only thing I need is time to work on personal projects again so I can commit to this goal. This isn't even the only accessibility project that I have in mind involving on-device computer vision, but my success with this one will dictate whether I'll consider tackling the rest.

Using a VM is way, way out of my comfort zone. Also, I realize that this was back in 2011, so tons of things have probably changed, but when I first got this computer, a friend tried to help me set up VM fusion. It was sluggish to the point of being unuseible, and it kept losing my jaws authorization. I'd say that I use windows around 90 percent of the time; pretty much only use the actual mac side of things for email at this point, but as this 14-year-old computer proves, Apple hardware is vastly superior to anything else out there, or at least it was back when I first got this computer. So I use bootcamp and it works beautifully. I have no clue what I'm going to do when the sad yet inevitable day comes that this computer needs to be replaced. Just praying it has a few more good years in it. True, it can't be updated in any way, but it meets all my needs perfectly: playing audio games, web browsing and basic word processing. I'll definitely be monitoring these kinds of topics as closely as I can, though, since it's pretty clear that Apple doesn't have any plans to bring Bootcamp back any time soon, if ever.

When the M1 launched, rumor has it that Microsoft had a secret exclusivity deal with Qualcomm, and Craig Federighi also said the following at the time:

We have the core technologies for them to do that, to run their ARM version of Windows, which in turn of course supports x86 user mode applications. But that's a decision Microsoft has to make, to bring to license that technology for users to run on these Macs. But the Macs are certainly very capable of it.

So, at least to me, it seems like the actual reason why Bootcamp doesn't currently exist for ARM-based Macs, is because Microsoft is not licensing it properly, which seems to be further corroborated by Microsoft themselves:

Windows 11 runs best on a PC designed for Windows.

Parallels® Desktop versions 18, 19, and 20 are authorized solutions for running Arm® versions of Windows 11 Pro and Windows 11 Enterprise in a virtual environment on its platform on Apple M1, M2, and M3 computers.

João, thanks for sharing that link. I always just assumed that the hold-up was Apple just not wanting to invest in Boot Camp on M-series Macs. From that article, it sounds like Microsoft knows exactly what they are doing and has no interest in changing that. Disappointing, as the Mac hardware is top of the line but, as others have already said, the VoiceOver experience is far inferior to what one can get on Windows for most use cases.

Could Microsoft have been holding back for the launch of their ARM machines? Genuinely asking here.

Was wondering will vm ware be far superior than utm?
I've always been noticing that there is always an input lag while using utm.
The amount of times I used windows virtual machine is so few that I doubt I will remember my password the next time I use it on my Mac.
but still I'm just wondering would I get a better experience if I switch to VMware fusion

Yes I use UTM and there is a lag. It is minimal but if another VM solution can have lower lag that's perfect.

According to an article I read on using virtual machines under macOS, most Mac users don't run Windows on their Mac devices. The main demand, as I understand it, comes from legacy applications for which there are no macOS equivalents. That's a small and diminishing market. There's no incentive for Apple or Microsoft to support Bootcamp.

Given how little I use Windows, though, virtualizing it is an option that deserves consideration in my use cases - or keeping a Windows installation on a second machine for those situations in which I want it, as I currently do. I'll always need two working laptop/desktop machines anyway, as I know how long repairs can take, and I can't afford to be without.

I have had the rare experience of actually using all of the software mentioned above. UTM, fusion, and parallels, so here goes.
UTM:
UTM is very solid for macOS virtual machines. It integrates well with Apple Silicon and handles simple workloads fine, but it’s not the best choice for Windows. The lack of 3D acceleration means graphics-heavy apps and mainstream games won’t run properly. For anyone sticking to productivity software, that might not matter, but if you want GPU support, it’s a hard limit. On top of that, UTM has no audio during the first Windows installer phase — the same bug VMware Fusion has — so you’re flying blind until the OS finishes setting up. Once Windows is installed, audio does work, but compared to Parallels the whole process feels less polished.

VMware Fusion:
VMware Fusion was once rock solid, but ever since Broadcom took over it’s been slipping. Updates now have to be pulled manually — no automatic delivery anymore — and that’s just the start. Every time you launch Fusion, you’re hit with the “login items added, VMware has added items that can run in the background” popup. There’s no way to turn it off permanently: you can clear it when it pops up, but it will be back the next time you restart or launch Fusion. This bug has been around since at least 2023, and it’s still not fixed. Fusion also suffers from the same no-audio bug in the first installer phase of Windows as UTM, which is another step backward. Once you’re past these annoyances, Fusion runs well enough, but it doesn’t feel as tight as it used to on Intel Macs.

Parallels:
Parallels lands better in terms of overall usability. The one quirk is that setup requires OCR for a few screens, but the process itself is straightforward once you know how to use OCR. If you’ve used it before, it’s not a big deal at all. Once installed, Parallels is smooth and polished. A major advantage is its support for shared folders, which lets you move files seamlessly between macOS and Windows. This is something Fusion used to handle on Intel with Windows 10 and maybe 11, but it doesn’t work on Windows ARM anymore. Without shared folders, you’re stuck with clunkier options like copy/paste, Dropbox, or an external drive. Another feature that sets Parallels apart is snapshot integration with Time Machine. Instead of forcing a full backup of the entire VM every single time like UTM or Fusion do, Parallels only backs up the most recent changes. To put that into perspective: if you have a 40 or 50 GB VM, Time Machine will treat it as a new file each backup under Fusion or UTM, duplicating the entire thing. With Parallels, only the latest snapshot data is saved, which can cut backups down to just a few gigabytes. That’s not just storage-saving — it makes backups faster, less stressful on your system, and far more sustainable over time.

Performance:
Where Parallels really stands out is raw performance for Windows VMs. Startup, suspend, resume, and shutdown are much quicker than Fusion or UTM. For example, suspending a VM in Parallels takes around 3 to 5 seconds, compared to 30 seconds to a full minute in Fusion. This isn’t a hardware issue — these numbers were from an M3 Max with 36 GB of RAM and a 12–14 core CPU. It’s just that Parallels is better optimized. That kind of speed difference makes a big impact if you’re regularly switching back and forth between macOS and Windows.

Bottom line:
All three solutions have their place. UTM is great for macOS VMs or light Windows use but falls down without GPU support. VMware Fusion is still usable but dragged down by persistent bugs and a general sense of neglect under Broadcom. Parallels isn’t perfect — the OCR setup can put people off — but once installed it’s miles ahead in terms of integration, performance, and everyday usability. Per my experience, i'd say parallels is the best option if we're talking about all 3 softwares, but again; that's my experience.

Do people in this community even care about 3D acceleration on a Windows virtual machine? As a user I certainly don't, and as a developer I'm also totally unlikely to care about DirectX on a Mac when Metal is designed with the actual hardware in mind. If I did care, however, I would be running Windows on an actual PC likely with some beefy consumer-grade NVIDIA card, or maybe even Linux with SteamOS for the games that support it, since many people claim that the Windows games that don't outright refuse to run on Linux actually run faster on that platform than on Windows itself.

One actually relevant question that is yet to be addressed is the latency situation regarding Parallels and VMWare.

Again. If you read what I said above, this is not relevant to most people. However, when it comes to mainstream games? Yes, 3d accelaration or lack thereof, does matter. notice how I said that this is likely to not matter to most users? However, it is still a valid point to make.
As far as latency? Per experience? I did not experience any latency in parallels, or vmware myself. If there is latency, its not noticeable.

As far as latency? Per experience? I did not experience any latency in parallels, or vmware myself. If there is latency, its not noticeable.

And how would you compare that to the experience in UTM?

To be frank? I did experiense latency in UTM, this one was noticeable compared to fusion or Parallels, then again, the whole vm was quite laggy so maybe that was why, but it was noticeable. And yeah, that one had the same exact specks as my vmware vm, 16 gigs of ram and 6 to 8 processor cores just like in fusion but it really felt laggy.

Once I find the time to actually read UTM's source code I'll try to get to the bottom of that latency, since it's present on macOS virtual machines too and I just assumed it was normal. As I understand it, macOS and Linux support is provided by Apple's Virtualization framework whereas Windows relies on a lower level implementation from qemu, so the fact that the latency is present on macOS virtual machines as well makes it reasonable to believe that the problem is in UTM itself.

Your welcome. If you want to test things out, make a mac vm on fusion, you should be able to notice the difference.

I appreciate the info about why bootcamp no longer exists. I suppose an option would be having 2 machines, but I can't figure out how that would work given the space I have available. If I went that route, I'd want the cheapest windows machine and cheapest mac possible. If I could get a Mac Mini and a similarly sized windows machine and maybe find a way for them to use the same monitor for the rare times a monitor might be needed, that would probably be my best bet. However, I'm still hoping that it won't matter for at least a couple more years.

I am activlly using vmware and what I noticed is that vmware fusion is just much better than utm in terms of latency when working on virtual windows. I would like to try parallels but don't really want to pay for now.

You don't have to pay, parallels has a 14 day trial when you download from their site. After the ttriay yeah you'll have to pay but, its not a pay upfront kind of deal, there's a trial.

Long story short, the reason you don’t get Narrator during the first installer phase of Windows 11 ARM in Fusion comes down to how VMware handles Easy Install.

With Windows 10 on Intel Macs, Fusion had an Easy Install option that basically bypassed the first installer phase altogether. That’s why Narrator came up once Windows itself was ready — Fusion had already taken care of the early setup work behind the scenes. Parallels does something similar: it automates that part of the process so you never notice the lack of audio during the very first phase.

But with Windows 11 ARM, VMware never built that Easy Install support. You’re dropped straight into the raw installer, and because audio drivers aren’t present yet, there’s no Narrator. That’s why the experience feels broken compared to Intel Windows 10 in Fusion, even though technically it’s just missing the automation layer.

UTM works the same way here too — it also drops you into a raw installer with no audio at the start. The difference is that Parallels and Intel Windows 10 in Fusion both avoided this problem by skipping the phase entirely. Until VMware adds an Easy Install option for ARM, you won’t get Narrator during that first setup stage. With broadcom now owning it though... I don't see that happening, if I'm beeing blunt.
To give an example, though, when you’re setting up on intel, fusion has a easy install checkbox, it’s checked by default, and then you see the different options, like language, Windows version, you need to enter your product key if you have one, if you don’t, it doesn’t matter, but it basically auto fills the information Account name, password once you type it in; and then once you press start up it handles that automatically. Essentially, the same thing as parallels does. But as said, this is only present in intel, not in Apple Silicon, although Parallels doesn't ask you for anything unlike fusion, but it seems parallels is a bit more automated than fusion in that regard.
I can do a comparison of this when I have both macs, intel and m3 side by side so you see the difference, if anyone is interested.
@João Santos, honestly I don’t think the fix needs to be that complex. If UTM could implement an unattended installation option similar to Fusion, where you provide details like OS language, account name, keyboard layout, and password up front, then the installer could fill that in automatically once the VM starts. That should, in theory, bypass the inaccessible setup phase. It’s essentially the same process Fusion uses.

On Intel Macs, Fusion gives you an Easy Install wizard with the following fields:
• A checkbox to enable Easy Install (checked by default).
• Account name, which auto-fills from your macOS account.
• Account type, which is locked to administrator.
• Password and confirm password (optional).
• Windows product key.
• Language, which defaults to the ISO’s language and can’t be changed.
• A pop-up to choose the Windows edition (Home, Pro, Education, etc.). Once you fill those in and continue, Fusion starts the VM and inputs all of that automatically. Some settings, like language and account type, can’t be altered because they’re tied to the ISO or the fact it’s the first account. But the key point is that this process skips the inaccessible installer stage entirely.

I’ll post recordings tomorrow with both computers side by side so you can see how on Intel you do get this Easy Install option, but on Apple Silicon it’s missing completely — which is why you’re dropped straight into the inaccessible installer.

@João Santos, honestly, I don’t think the fix needs to be that complex. If there is any way to have UTM have a unattended instalation bit like fusion, I.e it asks for os language, account name, keyboard, password etc then filled it in automatically with the entered info, that should, in theory, work. Essentially the same thing as fusion does. I'll post recordings tomorrow when i have both computers side by side so you can see how on intel, you do get the easy install option, but on apple silicon you don't have that option at all; hence you beeing dropped into the inn-accessible installer.

Yes that's possible. I had no idea that Windows could easily be configured for non-interactive installation so I didn't consider that, however Microsoft has an article explaining how to do it which UTM seems to already be using to automate some stuff in its Guest Tools volume, so in the end it might be just a matter of either changing that volume or creating a new one specifically for the non-interactive installation. I still plan on going ahead with a computer vision accessibility solution though, since I don't really like how much privilege VOCR needs to work and I think that I can do a much better job when it comes to integration, and I plan on using that solution to enable blind interactions with totally inaccessible hardware using an iPad and an HDMI capture dongle. I will, however, not go down any rabbit holes yet since I have work to finish, but once I'm done with that I will commit to all this since I will need it myself to manage my own upcoming business independently, plus I also want to track the source of UTM's latency problems because they bother me as well.

Well, I did try to install Windows with Parallels during my free trial period, but I didn't have much time and I had given up after 5 minutes of frustration; so I can't just try it again without paying. I'm kind of running out of storage as my VMware Windows 11 takes about 150 gbs in my disk, so that's another issue...

I am using parallels and indeed notice how fast it performs. I also liked there support a lot who helped me very quickly setting up my vm so I could continue with speech. I had a question about a remark that was made in regards to back-up vm with time machine. Do I need to make snapshots with parallels itself or is using timemachine enough to have a back-up of my vm at the time of the time machine back-up?

There is a setting in parallels I don't have it off the top of my head where it is at I think its in the options section but will have to check, but the setting is something like, optimise for time-machine or something like that. I'm not sure but I think it’s on by default. Ill get back to you later when i'm in-front of my mac to tell you where it is if you want.

Hello, while reading the posts, someone mentioned that the JAWS activation was being removed on their virtual machine. Why does this happen

When trying to install windows 10 on UTM I get a message that says please select the drive where data will be stored however that is not an option. How do i select a drive and why does it not default to the internal drive? Any help is appreciated. Thanks,

What's the advantage of the Parallels perpetual license other than the obvious benefit that you only pay once? Also, I want to +1 Hugo's question regarding the disappearing JAWS key on in the virtual machine?

With VMWare, how hard is it to get audio working? I could use VOCR for Windows setup. I've been considering returning to Mac OS and virtualizing, but I'm not sure if I want to since I still rely quite heavily on apps that are more accessible on Windows so it's the battle of "why pay the money for a Mac if I'm going to virtualize Windows on it anyway?" Even with the heat I've given Apple in recent years there is a lot the Mac does well.
I have a Windows ARM laptop that I really like, but without warning the computer has moments where it locks up and the fan goes crazy with certain apps. It's very unpredictable. I have made sure everything is up to date.
Would Karabiner Elements help me with mapping an NVDA key and Right Control in VMWare like it does on Parallels? How accessible is Karabiner Elements? What are some tradeoffs you've noticed when virtualizing Windows vs running natively? Not for one specific app, just generally.

The only part you might have trouble with audio wise is during vm set up as during the first install phaze if using arm you won't have audio. You can solve this with a usbc to 3.5 jack adaptor but I personally havent gotten this to work. Other than that though it’s not bad. As far as karabiner, it’s fully accessible. Worth noting that you can customise Keyboard shortcuts within fusion itself, so there is no Need to use carabiner to Change some of the keys like mac control to something else from karabiner's side, you can do that with an fusion itself, an example, the default fusion layout is Mac control is Windows control, command is Windows by default. Infusion keyboard settings, I changed it to Mac control key is the Windows key, and both command keys are control left, and control right, but as I mentioned, there is no need for karabiner for this change. where I personally use it in programs like parallels or fusion, is to whenever the virtual machine or more specifically the program for the virtual machine is in focus, whether that is fusion or parallels, my caps lock key turns into insert, and whenever the virtual machine is not focused, let’s say that I go to the desktop, or any other part of the Mac, the key will revert back to caps lock automatically. it is also worth noting that you can do the same thing in parallels, I.E, customizing the keyboard, Shortcuts, etc.

Connect a USB audio device directly to the virtual machine to get audio during the first part of Windows installation. This is a problem with Windows RE. I have the same problem on my Surface Laptop 7 with the Snapdragon X Plus processor.

What hardware specs do you guys recommend to run a smooth Mac OS/Windows 11 Pro experience? I was thinking about an M4 Pro chip, 32 or 36 GB unified memory, and at least 1 TB SSD. Being so close to an M5 release, I was going to wait to see the advantages of it to ensure a bit longer longevity.

The relevance here is: What system resources do you guys allocate to Mac OS and the virtual space depending on Parallels versus VmWare?

Thank you guys for your awesomely patient responses with those of us still trying to figure out if the combination makes the most sense. I have gone back and forth on trying to figure out the rationale of buying one computer operating system just to install another one on top of it, but my hope is to be able to use the arrangement to learn Mac OS and slowly transition over. Thank you so much again.

Can Caps Lock still be caps lock if doing that way? I was thinking of doing right option or right command since I likely wouldn't be touching those keys anyway.

Glad I'm not the only one in that position. I was a full-time Mac user for several years, but I didn't like the direction some VO things were going and relying on applications like Office regularly was not fun on the Mac.
Even with these things, Mac OS is good software over all and there's a lot Mac hardware does well.

In the vm? No. Outside of it though, yes. actually, I think there might be a way, but I’m not sure I seem to remember they’re being some settings in Nvda or Jaws that would toggle caps lock if it was pressed twice, but I’m really not sure if this would work as caps lock is insert in this case not caps lock.
To The person who asked about specs, that is more than enough to run a VM. For context, when I have my 2018 MacBook Pro, it had 32 GB of RAM, back then, I was using VMware fusion and I had the virtual machine with 16 of them. Currently, I’m using parallels, on a M3 max MacBook Pro, 36 GB of RAM, one terabyte SSD, and 8 GB of RAM for the virtual machine, 8 GB of RAM are more than enough for my needs, sure I could give it more if I upgraded to parallels pro but 8gb are more than enough for what I need, and yeah, I play sort of intence games like hearthstone for reference, haven't had trouble with 8gb ram on the vm. but yeah, tangent aside, the specs mentioned should be more than good enough for what you need, from experience.

Would the VM have to be set up first before doing this? Would I have any basic keyboard support to use Narrator or NVDA to install VMWare Tools? It's really something I'm considering, but like Joe I don't know if it's really worth it since I use things that are either Windows exclusive or the Windows version works better than the Mac version if one exists.

You’re going to have keyboard support once you install Windows, you might not necessarily have an insert key so you will have to set up the carabiner rule first if you want to have an insert alternatively, you could set a Temporary key to become insert via fusion’s keyboard, shortcuts, while you set everything up, and then set the karabiner rule afterwards. But yes, you will have keyboard support for narrator, NVDA, etc. once you install windows.

I thought you said Karabiner isn't really needed if I just set my Insert key in Fusion itself.

If you set your insert key with infusion itself, no, you won’t need it. However, do note that, as far as I know, you will not be able to set your caps lock to work as insert with infusion itself, so you would have to use another key such as say, accent which is to the left of number row. If your fine with that you can do that as a alternative.

What about right option? I want to make sure I have a Caps Lock if I ever need the Caps Lock key.

Before I switched to windows, I used all three of these apps, some more than others. My favourite one of the three, by far, was parallels, despite its quirks in the early stages of setup. I liked the way it handled shared folders, and I liked the fact it had audio out of the box, which is something I can't say about the other two, unless you take some certain steps, which I will mention a little later. UTM was a fairly straightforward app, a virtualization app without all the bells and whistles added to it. That also meant it was fairly accessible. VM Ware fusion always gave me the most difficulties. However, that's the one I used the least, as I only used it at the tail end of my Mac usage. I had the same audio issues as UTM, except vm ware is a far more complex piece of software to set up when compared to the other two. Now, my audio hack that I think everyone should know. Please note: this does require you to be enrolled in windows insider through microsoft. Instead of grabbing the iso file that you can get, get the full windows 11 vhdx file. It's quite a bit bigger, but that will give you the audio in the other two apps during that first part of installation, since it has the drivers and things like that already baked in.